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Volyn Oblast

Coordinates: 50°44′29″N 25°21′14″E / 50.74139°N 25.35389°E / 50.74139; 25.35389
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Volyn Oblast
Волинська область
Oblast
Volynska oblast[1]
Flag of Volyn Oblast
Flag
Coat of arms of Volyn Oblast
Coat of arms
Nickname: 
Волинь (Volhynia)
Country Ukraine
Administrative centreLutsk
Government
 • GovernorYuriy Pohulyaiko[2][3]
 • Oblast council64 seats
 • ChairpersonHryhoriy Nedopad
Area
 • Total
20,144 km2 (7,778 sq mi)
 • RankRanked 20th
Population
 (2022)[4]
 • Total
Decrease 1,021,356
 • RankRanked 24th
GDP
[5]
 • Total₴ 93 billion
(€2.4 billion)
 • Per capita₴ 90,331
(€2,300)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code
43xxx-45xxx
Area code+380-33
ISO 3166 codeUA-07
Raions4
Hromadas54
HDI (2022)0.722[6]
high
FIPS 10-4UP24
NUTS statistical regions of UkraineUA81
Websitewww.voladm.gov.ua

Volyn Oblast (Ukrainian: Волинська область, romanized: Volýnsʹka óblastʹ) or simply Volyn (Ukrainian: Волинь, romanized: Volýnʹ), is an oblast (province) in northwestern Ukraine. It borders Rivne Oblast to the east, Lviv Oblast to the south, Poland to the west and Belarus to the north. Its administrative centre is Lutsk. Kovel is the westernmost town and the last station in Ukraine on the rail line running from Kyiv to Warsaw. The population is 1,021,356 (2022 estimate).[4]

History

[edit]
See also: Volhynia, Volynia, and Holovne
Lutsk in the 18th century

Volyn was once part of the Kievan Rus' before becoming an independent local principality and an integral part of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, one of Kievan Rus' successor states. In the 15th century, the area came under the control of the neighbouring Grand Duchy of Lithuania, in 1569 passing over to Poland and then in 1795, until World War I, to the Russian Empire where it was a part of the Volynskaya Guberniya. In the interwar period, most of the territory, organized as Wołyń Voivodeship was under Polish control.

In 1939 when Poland was invaded and divided by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union following the Molotov–Ribbentrop pact, Volyn was joined to Soviet Ukraine, and on December 4, 1939, the oblast was organized.

Many Ukrainians rejoiced at the "reunification", but the Polish minority suffered a cruel fate. Thousands of Poles, especially retired Polish officers and intelligentsia were deported to Siberia and other areas in the depths of the Soviet Union. A high proportion of these deportees died in the extreme conditions of Soviet labour camps and most were never able to return to Volyn again.

In 1941 Volyn along with the Soviet Union was invaded by the Nazi Germany's Barbarossa Offensive. Nazis completed their holocaust of the Jews of Volhynia in late 1942.

Partisan activity started in Volyn in 1941, soon after German occupation. Partisans were involved in the Rail War against German supply lines and were known for their efficiency in gathering intelligence and for sabotage. The region formed the basis of several networks and many members of the local population served with the partisans. The Poles in the area became part of the Polish Home Army, which often undertook operations with the partisan movement.

UPA initially supported Nazi Germany which had in turn supported them with financing and weaponry before the start of World War II. Many served in the various RONA and SS units. Once they became disillusioned with the Nazi program, they independently began to target all non-Ukrainians (Poles, Jews, Russians, among others) for extermination. Some 30,000 to 60,000 Poles, Czechs, remaining Jews, and Ukrainians who tried to help others escape (Polish sources gave even higher figures) and later, around 2,000 or more Ukrainians were killed in retaliation (see Massacres of Poles in Volhynia).

In January 1944 the Red Army recaptured the territory from the Nazis.

In the immediate aftermath of World War II the Polish-Soviet border was redrawn based on the Curzon line. Volyn, along with the neighbouring provinces became an integral part of the Ukrainian SSR. Most Poles who remained in the eastern region were forced to leave to the Recovered Territories of western Poland (the former easternmost provinces of Germany) whose German population had been expelled in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement.

The area underwent rapid industrialisation including the construction of the Lutsk automobile factory (LuAZ). Nevertheless, the area remains one of the most rural throughout the former Soviet Union.

Demography

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According to the 2001 Ukrainian census, ethnic Ukrainians accounted for 96.9% of the population of Volyn Oblast, and ethnic Russians for 2.4%.[7][8]

Language

[edit]
See also: Languages of Ukraine
According to the 2001 Ukrainian census, Ukrainian was the native language for over 97% of Volyn Oblast’s population: it was the dominant language in all of the city, town, and village councils of the oblast.

The Russification of Ukraine carried out during the Soviet era had little to no effect on the Volyn Oblast: the share of Ukrainian-speakers in the region in 1959—1989 fluctuated around 94—95%.[9] Native language of the population of Volyn Oblast according to the results of population censuses:[10][11][12][13][14][15]

1959 1970 1989 2001
Ukrainian 94.0% 94.8% 94.5% 97.3%
Russian 5.0% 4.8% 5.1% 2.5%
Other 1.0% 0.4% 0.4% 0.2%

Native language of the population of the raions, cities, and city councils of Volyn Oblast according to the 2001 Ukrainian census:[16]

Ukrainian Russian
Volyn Oblast 97.3% 2.5%
City of Lutsk 92.9% 6.8%
City of Volodymyr 94.5% 5.2%
City of Kovel 95.8% 3.9%
Novovolynsk (city council) 94.4% 5.2%
Volodymyr-Volynskyi Raion
(in pre-2020 borders)		 98.8% 1.0%
Horokhiv Raion 99.2% 0.6%
Ivanychi Raion 99.0% 0.8%
Kamin-Kashyrskyi Raion
(in pre-2020 borders)		 99.6% 0.3%
Kivertsi Raion 98.6% 1.2%
Kovel Raion
(in pre-2020 borders)		 99.0% 0.8%
Lokachi Raion 99.4% 0.5%
Lutsk Raion
(in pre-2020 borders)		 98.8% 1.0%
Liubeshiv Raion 99.5% 0.3%
Liuboml Raion 99.1% 0.8%
Manevychi Raion 99.3% 0.6%
Ratne Raion 99.2% 0.5%
Rozhyshche Raion 99.0% 0.8%
Stara Vyzhivka Raion 99.5% 0.4%
Turiisk Raion 99.1% 0.8%
Shatsk Raion 98.7% 0.9%

Ukrainian is the only official language on the whole territory of Volyn Oblast.[17]

On 20 December 2018, a moratorium on the public use of Russian-language cultural products was imposed in Volyn Oblast by a decision of the Volyn Oblast Council.[18]

According to a poll conducted by Rating from 16 November to 10 December 2018 as part of the project «Portraits of Regions», 85% of the residents of Volyn Oblast believed that the Ukrainian language should be the only state language on the entire territory of Ukraine. 10% believed that Ukrainian should be the only state language, while Russian should be the second official language in some regions of the country. 3% believed that Russian should become the second state language of the country. 2% found it difficult to answer.[19]

On 13 July 2023, Volyn Oblast Council approved the «Comprehensive Programme for the Development and Functioning of the Ukrainian Language in Volyn Oblast for 2023—2026», the main objectives of which are to strengthen the positions of the Ukrainian language in various spheres of public life in the oblast and to Ukrainianize the refugees from other regions of Ukraine.[20][21]

According to the research of the Content Analysis Centre, conducted from 15 August to 15 September 2024, the topic of which was the ratio of Ukrainian and Russian languages in the Ukrainian segment of social media, 89.5% of posts from Volyn Oblast were written in Ukrainian (88.3% in 2023, 88.8% in 2022, 51.3% in 2020), while 10.5% were written in Russian (11.7% in 2023, 11.2% in 2022, 48.7% in 2020).[22][23]

After Ukraine declared independence in 1991, Volyn Oblast, as well as Ukraine as a whole, experienced a gradual Ukrainization of the education system, which had been Russified[24] during the Soviet era. Dynamics of the ratio of the languages of instruction in general secondary education institutions in Volyn Oblast:[25][26][27][28][29][30][31]

Language of instruction,
% of pupils		 1991—
1992		 1992—
1993		 1993—
1994		 1994—
1995		 1995—
1996		 2000—
2001		 2005—
2006		 2007—
2008		 2010—
2011		 2012—
2013		 2015—
2016		 2018—
2019		 2021—
2022		 2022—
2023
Ukrainian 94.6% 95.6% 96.7% 97.3% 98.0% 99.0% 99.7% 99.8% 99.8% 99.8% 99.9% 99.9% 100.0% 100.0%
Russian 5.4% 4.4% 3.3% 2.7% 2.0% 1.0% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% — —

According to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, in the 2023—2024 school year, all 140,494 pupils in general secondary education institutions in Volyn Oblast were studying in classes where Ukrainian was the language of instruction.[32]

Historical sites

[edit]

The following historical-cultural sites were nominated in 2007 for the Seven Wonders of Ukraine.[citation needed]

Relics

[edit]

Politics

[edit]
Former Chairmen of Oblast Council

Subdivisions

[edit]
Main article: Administrative divisions of Volyn Oblast

The Volyn Oblast is administratively subdivided into 4 raions (districts).

Name Center Center population (thousand people) Area
(km2) 		Population (thousand people) Hromadas
Volodymyr Raion Volodymyr 38,9 2558,2 174,7 11
Kamin-Kashyrskyi Raion Kamin-Kashyrskyi 12,5 4693,4 132,4 5
Kovel Raion Kovel 68,2 7647,9 271 23
Lutsk Raion Lutsk 221,1 5247,8 457,3 15
Volyn Oblast districts (since 2020)
Hromada Type Center Raion
Lutsk city Lutsk Lutsk
Volodymyr city Volodymyr Volodymyr
Kovel city Kovel Kovel
Novovolynsk city Novovolynsk Volodymyr
Ustyluh city Ustyluh Volodymyr
Zymne village Zymne Volodymyr
Ovadne village Ovadne Volodymyr
Berestechko city Berestechko Lutsk
Horokhiv city Horokhiv Lutsk
Marianivka town Marianivka Lutsk
Ivanychi town Ivanychi Volodymyr
Lytovezh village Lytovezh Volodymyr
Pavlivka village Pavlivka Volodymyr
Poromiv village Poromiv Volodymyr
Kamin-Kashyrskyi city Kamin-Kashyrskyi Kamin-Kashyrskyi
Soshychne village Soshychne Kamin-Kashyrskyi
Kivertsi city Kivertsi Lutsk
Olyka town Olyka Lutsk
Tsuman town Tsuman Lutsk
Holoby town Holoby Kovel
Lublynets town Lublynets Kovel
Velytsk village Velytsk Kovel
Dubove village Dubove Kovel
Kolodiazhne village Kolodiazhne Kovel
Povorsk village Povorsk Kovel
Lokachi town Lokachi Volodymyr
Zaturtsi village Zaturtsi Volodymyr
Torchyn town Torchyn Lutsk
Boratyn village Boratyn Lutsk
Horodyshche village Horodyshche Lutsk
Pidhaitsi village Pidhaitsi Lutsk
Liubeshiv town Liubeshiv Kamin-Kashyrskyi
Liuboml city Liuboml Kovel
Holovne town Holovne Kovel
Vyshniv village Vyshniv Kovel
Rivne village Rivne Kovel
Kolky town Kolky Lutsk
Manevychi town Manevychi Kamin-Kashyrskyi
Prylisne village Prylisne Kamin-Kashyrskyi
Zabolottia town Zabolottia Kovel
Ratne town Ratne Kovel
Velymche village Velymche Kovel
Zabrody village Zabrody Kovel
Samary village Samary Kovel
Rozhyshche city Rozhyshche Lutsk
Dorosyni village Dorosyni Lutsk
Kopachivka village Kopachivka Lutsk
Stara Vyzhivka town Stara Vyzhivka Kovel
Dubechne village Dubechne Kovel
Serekhovychi village Serekhovychi Kovel
Smidyn village Smidyn Kovel
Lukiv town Lukiv Kovel
Turiisk town Turiisk Kovel
Shatsk town Shatsk Kovel

Notable people

[edit]
[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Syvak, Nina; Ponomarenko, Valerii; Khodzinska, Olha; Lakeichuk, Iryna (2011). Veklych, Lesia (ed.). "Toponymic Guidelines for Map and Other Editors for International Use" (PDF). United Nations Statistics Division. scientific consultant Iryna Rudenko; reviewed by Nataliia Kizilowa; translated by Olha Khodzinska. Kyiv: DerzhHeoKadastr and Kartographia. p. 20. ISBN 978-966-475-839-7. Retrieved 2020-10-06.
  2. ^ "Government adopts a series of personnel decisions". Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. October 28, 2019. Retrieved November 23, 2019.
  3. ^ "Trofimov introduces new head of Volyn Regional State Administration". Ukrinform. December 3, 2019. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
  4. ^ a b Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
  5. ^ "Валовий регіональний продукт".
  6. ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org.
  7. ^ (in Ukrainian) Етнічний склад населення України, 2001 рік
  8. ^ Банк даних, перепис 2001 року
  9. ^ "Динамика численности этнических украинцев в УССР: на основе итогов Всесоюзных переписей населения 1959 г., 1970 г. и 1979 г." (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2024-06-29. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  10. ^ Итоги Всесоюзной переписи населения 1959 года: Украинская ССР, стр. 168—193
  11. ^ Численность и состав населения СССР: по данным Всесоюзной переписи населения 1979 года. Центральное статистическое управление СССР, 1984
  12. ^ Чорний С. Національний склад населення України в ХХ сторіччі (2001)
  13. ^ Итоги Всесоюзной переписи населения 1970 года. Том IV — М., Статистика, 1973
  14. ^ "Всеукраїнський перепис населення 2001. Розподіл населення за національністю та рідною мовою" (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2019-10-24. Retrieved 2014-08-21.
  15. ^ "Перепис 1989. Розподіл населення за національністю та рідною мовою (0,1)". Archived from the original on 2020-10-29. Retrieved 2022-03-19.
  16. ^ "Розподіл населення за національністю та рідною мовою, Волинська область". Archived from the original on 2023-02-01. Retrieved 2024-04-05.
  17. ^ "Про забезпечення функціонування української мови як державної" (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2020-05-02. Retrieved 2020-03-25.
  18. ^ "Волинська область запровадила мораторій на російськомовний культурний продукт" (in Ukrainian). Babel. Archived from the original on 2024-04-10. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
  19. ^ "«ПОРТРЕТИ РЕГІОНІВ»: ПІДСУМКИ. Зведені дані, порівняльний аналіз між областями" (PDF) (in Ukrainian). Рейтинг. 2018-12-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  20. ^ "Волиньрада прийняла нову комплексну програму розвитку та функціонування української мови" (in Ukrainian). Слово Правди. 2023-07-20. Archived from the original on 2023-11-14. Retrieved 2024-10-26.
  21. ^ "Про затвердження Комплексної Програми розвитку та функціонування української мови у Волинській області на 2023-2026 роки" (in Ukrainian). Волинська обласна рада. 2023-07-20. Archived from the original on 2024-12-05. Retrieved 2024-10-26.
  22. ^ "Частка дописів українською мовою в соцмережах зросла до 56 %, — Центр контент-аналізу" (in Ukrainian). 2024-10-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  23. ^ ""Радикальний прогрес". У соцмережах української стало набагато більше, — дослідження" (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2023-12-11. Retrieved 2023-12-11.
  24. ^ Barbara A. Anderson and Brian D. Silver, "Equality, Efficiency, and Politics in Soviet Bilingual Education Policy, 1934-1980," American Political Science Review 78 (December 1984): 1019-1039.
  25. ^ «Статистичний щорічник України за 1998 рік» — К., 1999. "Джерело". pics.livejournal.com. Retrieved 2024-12-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  26. ^ "Збірник «Статистичний щорічник України» за 2008 рік" (in Ukrainian). Державна служба статистики України. Archived from the original on 2022-04-08. Retrieved 2024-08-10.
  27. ^ "Збірник «Статистичний щорічник України» за 2012 рік" (in Ukrainian). Державна служба статистики України. Archived from the original on 2024-08-07. Retrieved 2024-08-10.
  28. ^ "Збірник «Статистичний щорічник України» за 2018 рік" (PDF) (in Ukrainian). Державна служба статистики України. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-08-03. Retrieved 2024-08-10.
  29. ^ Template:Ref-uk "Загальна середня освіта в Україні у 2021 році". www.ukrstat.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2024-07-07. Retrieved 2024-07-07. — "Сайт Державної служби статистики України". www.ukrstat.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2024-06-04. Retrieved 2024-06-04.
  30. ^ Template:Ref-uk "Загальна середня освіта в Україні у 2022 році". www.ukrstat.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2024-06-26. Retrieved 2024-06-26. — "Сайт Державної служби статистики України". www.ukrstat.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2024-06-04. Retrieved 2024-06-04.
  31. ^ "Збірник «Статистичний щорічник України» за 2022 рік" (PDF) (in Ukrainian). Державна служба статистики України. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-08-07. Retrieved 2024-08-10.
  32. ^ "Загальна середня освіта в Україні у 2023 році". www.ukrstat.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2024-06-01. Retrieved 2024-06-01. — "Сайт Державної служби статистики України". www.ukrstat.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2024-06-04. Retrieved 2024-06-04.
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50°44′29″N 25°21′14″E / 50.74139°N 25.35389°E / 50.74139; 25.35389

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